Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

In Addison's disease, fludrocortisone is given to replace which hormone?

1. AAldosterone
2. BCortisol
3. CAdrenaline
4. DThyroxine

How does tamsulosin improve urine flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia?

1. AIt increases urine production in the kidney
2. BIt blocks alpha-1 receptors and relaxes prostate smooth muscle
3. CIt contracts the bladder muscle
4. DIt shrinks the prostate gland over months by blocking testosterone

Which long-term side effect of phenytoin makes good oral hygiene especially important?

1. ALoss of taste
2. BBlue-grey discoloration of the teeth and gums
3. COvergrowth of the gums (gingival hyperplasia)
4. DExcess saliva production

Which teaching about antiepileptic drugs is most important?

1. AAlcohol has no effect on seizure control
2. BTake a double dose if you feel a seizure coming
3. CDo not stop the drug suddenly, as this can trigger severe seizures
4. DStop the drug when you have had no seizures for one whole week

Для чего применяют нагрузочную дозу?

1. AЧтобы замедлить всасывание препарата
2. BЧтобы быстро достичь целевой концентрации в плазме
3. CЧтобы проверить аллергическую реакцию
4. DЧтобы уменьшить побочные эффекты в начале лечения

A nurse has a needlestick injury from a patient with HIV. When should post-exposure prophylaxis start?

1. AOnly after the nurse's HIV test turns positive
2. BAs soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
3. CAfter one week, when the risk of infection is clearer
4. DOnly if the patient's viral load is above a set level

A ventilated ICU patient receives vecuronium, a neuromuscular blocker. Why must sedation and pain relief also be given?

1. ASedatives are needed to prevent vecuronium from causing seizures and agitation
2. BNeuromuscular blockers paralyse muscles but do not cause sedation or analgesia
3. CVecuronium stops working unless a sedative is also given
4. DVecuronium causes severe pain at the injection site

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3,1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. APotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned
2. BInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
3. CInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster
4. DLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed