Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Что такое плацебо?

1. AЛекарство, назначаемое в половинной дозе, чтобы уменьшить побочные эффекты в исследованиях
2. BНеактивное средство, которое всё же может вызывать эффекты за счёт ожиданий
3. CЛекарство, активное только в группе плацебо
4. DНовое лекарство, ещё не получившее одобрения

Propylthiouracil and carbimazole (or its active form methimazole, also called thiamazole) are used to treat which condition?

1. AHypothyroidism
2. BAdrenal insufficiency
3. CType 1 diabetes
4. DHyperthyroidism

Drugs whose names end in "-pril", such as lisinopril, belong to which class?

1. ACalcium channel blockers
2. BAngiotensin II receptor blockers
3. CBeta blockers
4. DACE inhibitors

A patient takes regular paracetamol (acetaminophen) at home. Which teaching point best prevents accidental overdose?

1. ATake an extra dose if the first one does not work within 10 minutes
2. BUse paracetamol only on an empty stomach
3. CTake paracetamol with alcohol to improve absorption
4. DCheck cold and flu remedies, as many also contain paracetamol

Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?

1. ACumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
2. BRapid rise in cholesterol
3. CPericarditis caused by infection
4. DSevere hypertension during the infusion itself

Which signs suggest early lithium toxicity?

1. ADiarrhoea, vomiting, coarse tremor and drowsiness
2. BHair loss and dark urine only
3. CVery high blood pressure and a severe headache
4. DPinpoint pupils and slow breathing

A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AConstipation; a laxative will solve the problem
2. BAcute pancreatitis; the drug is stopped and urgent assessment arranged
3. CHypoglycaemia; the patient should eat sweets and continue as usual
4. DExpected nausea; the patient should take the next dose with food

A man on long-term testosterone therapy has a rising haematocrit. Why is this important?

1. ATestosterone raises red cell production, increasing clot risk
2. BIt is a sign of liver failure caused by testosterone
3. CIt means the testosterone dose is too low
4. DA high haematocrit shows that the testosterone is not being absorbed