Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Why is magnesium sulfate given to a woman with severe pre-eclampsia?

1. ATo start labour contractions
2. BTo raise her blood pressure
3. CTo prevent eclamptic seizures
4. DTo treat a urinary infection

Why is adrenaline (epinephrine) sometimes added to a local anaesthetic injection?

1. AIt makes the anaesthetic act on the brain as well
2. BIt constricts vessels, so the block lasts longer and less enters the blood
3. CIt speeds up the removal of the anaesthetic from the tissue into the blood
4. DIt prevents allergic reactions to the anaesthetic

Which of these drugs has a narrow therapeutic index?

1. AAmoxicillin
2. BLoratadine
3. CLithium
4. DOmeprazole

Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?

1. ASevere hypertension during the infusion itself
2. BCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
3. CRapid rise in cholesterol
4. DPericarditis caused by infection

A patient uses two different eye drops at the same time of day. What should the nurse advise?

1. AUse only one of them each day
2. BWait at least 5 minutes between the two drops
3. CPut both drops in at exactly the same moment
4. DMix the drops in one bottle first

What should the nurse teach a patient starting nitrofurantoin?

1. ATake it on an empty stomach with an antacid
2. BExpect blue urine, which shows that the drug is working well
3. CStop it as soon as the burning settles
4. DTake it with food, and the urine may turn dark yellow or brown

A patient taking carbimazole or methimazole (thiamazole) for Graves' disease reports a sore throat and fever. What should the nurse suspect and do?

1. AHypothyroidism; add levothyroxine at once
2. BA common cold; advise rest and fluids and continue the drug as usual
3. CThyroid storm; double the next dose of the drug
4. DAgranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently

Почему дозирование гентамицина контролируют по уровню в крови?

1. AОн полностью метаболизируется печенью, поэтому дозу определяет функция печени
2. BОн вызывает тяжёлую гипогликемию
3. CОн действует только в очень высоких концентрациях
4. DОн нефро- и ототоксичен и имеет узкий терапевтический индекс