Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Naltrexone helps in alcohol use disorder because it:

1. ASpeeds up the liver breakdown of alcohol
2. BCauses vomiting and flushing whenever alcohol is drunk
3. CReplaces alcohol as a sedative
4. DBlocks opioid receptors, reducing reward and craving

What is the most common side effect of first-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine?

1. ARaised blood pressure
2. BInsomnia
3. CDrowsiness
4. DDiarrhoea

Alendronate, used for osteoporosis, belongs to which class?

1. ACorticosteroids
2. BBisphosphonates
3. CCalcium channel blockers
4. DThyroid hormones

Which rule applies when giving phenytoin intravenously?

1. AMix or flush it only with normal saline and give it slowly
2. BMix it with glucose 5% to prevent low blood sugar
3. CGive it as a rapid push to stop seizures faster
4. DGive it in the same line as other drugs without flushing

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects
2. BStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover
3. CMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs
4. DIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting

After naloxone reverses an opioid overdose, why must the patient be watched closely?

1. ANaloxone may wear off before the opioid does, so breathing can slow again
2. BNaloxone makes the opioid stay longer in the body
3. CNaloxone itself causes respiratory depression at high doses
4. DNaloxone often causes severe low blood glucose a few hours after the dose

How does aripiprazole differ from most other antipsychotics?

1. AIt has no effect on dopamine and acts only on histamine
2. BIt is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
3. CIt works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin only
4. DIt is a full dopamine agonist that increases dopamine activity

Why is adenosine used with caution in patients with asthma?

1. AIt is broken down too slowly in asthma
2. BIt reduces the effect of inhaled steroids
3. CIt can cause bronchospasm
4. DIt causes severe hypertension in asthma