Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Why is vitamin K given to newborn babies?

1. ATo improve weight gain
2. BTo protect against hepatitis B
3. CTo prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding
4. DTo prevent neonatal jaundice in the first week

How do second-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine and loratadine differ from older ones?

1. AThey work only on the skin
2. BThey cause much less drowsiness
3. CThey block H2 receptors in the stomach
4. DThey are given only by injection

Бензодиазепины, например диазепам, действуют, усиливая эффект какого нейромедиатора?

1. AНорадреналина
2. BСеротонина
3. CГлутамата
4. DГАМК

Which patient should usually not receive a live vaccine?

1. AA patient receiving chemotherapy for leukaemia
2. BA healthy adult nurse who works on a children's ward
3. CA healthy 1-year-old child
4. DA patient with mild seasonal allergies

Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?

1. APericarditis caused by infection
2. BRapid rise in cholesterol
3. CCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
4. DSevere hypertension during the infusion itself

Which advice helps reduce the most common side effect of varenicline?

1. ATake it on an empty stomach at bedtime with a little milk
2. BTake it after food with a full glass of water
3. CTake it with alcohol to reduce nausea
4. DTake double doses in the first week

A patient who takes clonidine stopped it suddenly two days ago. He is now agitated, has a headache and his blood pressure is very high. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AAn allergic reaction to clonidine
2. BNormal variation unrelated to the medication
3. CClonidine toxicity due to slow excretion by the kidneys
4. DRebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal

A patient on warfarin also takes ginkgo and high-dose garlic supplements and is having minor surgery next week. What should the nurse do?

1. AAdvise stopping warfarin without telling anyone
2. BTell the surgical team, as the supplements can increase bleeding
3. CIgnore the supplements, as natural products are safe with warfarin
4. DAdvise taking extra supplements to improve healing