Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

What is the most common side effect of first-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine?

1. AInsomnia
2. BDrowsiness
3. CRaised blood pressure
4. DDiarrhoea

Which opioid receptor is mainly responsible for the pain relief and respiratory depression of morphine?

1. ADelta receptor
2. BNicotinic receptor
3. CMu receptor
4. DKappa receptor

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used mainly to:

1. ARaise serum potassium
2. BTreat high blood pressure long term
3. CPrevent blood clots
4. DReduce raised intracranial pressure

Какой тип диуретика действует на толстую восходящую часть петли Генле?

1. AКалийсберегающие диуретики
2. BТиазидные диуретики
3. CОсмотические диуретики
4. DПетлевые диуретики, например фуросемид

Why is ketorolac given only for a short course?

1. AIt quickly loses all its pain-relieving effect because of tolerance
2. BIt causes respiratory depression after a few days
3. CGI bleeding and kidney injury become more likely with longer use
4. DIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction

A patient taking levodopa finds that the drug works poorly after large meals. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ATake the drug only at bedtime
2. BAvoid taking doses at the same time as high-protein meals
3. CDouble the dose after each meal
4. DTake every dose with a large glass of milk and a protein snack

During general anaesthesia with a volatile agent and suxamethonium (succinylcholine), a patient develops muscle rigidity, rising end-tidal CO₂ and a fast-rising temperature. Which drug is the specific treatment?

1. AParacetamol
2. BDantrolene
3. CNeostigmine
4. DNaloxone

A patient is switched from oral to intravenous morphine. Why is the IV dose lower than the oral dose?

1. AOral morphine has a large first-pass effect, so less reaches the blood
2. BIV morphine is a stronger chemical form of the drug
3. CThe oral route causes tolerance faster than the IV route
4. DIV morphine is excreted much more slowly by the kidney than oral morphine