Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Propofol is mainly used for:

1. APain relief after surgery on the ward
2. BTreating nausea after chemotherapy
3. CLong-term treatment of epilepsy at home by mouth
4. DInducing and maintaining anaesthesia, and ICU sedation

Why is adrenaline (epinephrine) sometimes added to a local anaesthetic injection?

1. AIt speeds up the removal of the anaesthetic from the tissue into the blood
2. BIt constricts vessels, so the block lasts longer and less enters the blood
3. CIt makes the anaesthetic act on the brain as well
4. DIt prevents allergic reactions to the anaesthetic

Permethrin is used to treat:

1. AFungal nail infections
2. BPsoriasis
3. CAcne
4. DScabies and head lice

A child is starting methylphenidate for ADHD. Which advice is appropriate?

1. AExpect weight gain as the main side effect
2. BGive the drug only at weekends
3. CGive the last dose at bedtime to help the child sleep
4. DGive doses early in the day and monitor appetite and growth

A patient with a fentanyl patch is given home-care advice. Which instruction is correct?

1. AThrow used patches loose into the household bin with the packaging
2. BApply each new patch over the same skin area
3. CCut the patch in half if the pain is mild
4. DAvoid heating pads, hot baths and saunas over or near the patch

A patient is starting lisinopril. Which rare but serious adverse effect should the nurse teach the patient to report immediately?

1. AAn increase in appetite in the evening
2. BSwelling of the lips, tongue or face
3. CDarker skin after exposure to sunlight
4. DA harmless rash on the palms of the hands

On admission, a patient's home medicine list includes warfarin for atrial fibrillation, but warfarin is not on the admission orders. What should the nurse do?

1. AAssume the omission is intended and do nothing
2. BGive the patient's own warfarin brought from home without an order
3. CTell the patient to stop warfarin permanently
4. DClarify the omission with the prescriber (medication reconciliation)

A patient who takes clonidine stopped it suddenly two days ago. He is now agitated, has a headache and his blood pressure is very high. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AClonidine toxicity due to slow excretion by the kidneys
2. BAn allergic reaction to clonidine
3. CNormal variation unrelated to the medication
4. DRebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal