Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Ciclosporin and tacrolimus are used mainly to:

1. ARelieve acute pain after surgery
2. BTreat bacterial infections after surgery
3. CPrevent rejection of transplanted organs
4. DLower high blood cholesterol

Why is adrenaline (epinephrine) sometimes added to a local anaesthetic injection?

1. AIt makes the anaesthetic act on the brain as well
2. BIt prevents allergic reactions to the anaesthetic
3. CIt speeds up the removal of the anaesthetic from the tissue into the blood
4. DIt constricts vessels, so the block lasts longer and less enters the blood

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo prevent nausea and vomiting after the methotrexate
2. BTo treat an allergic reaction to methotrexate
3. CTo protect normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
4. DTo make methotrexate act faster on the tumour

Примерно за какое время лекарство, вводимое через равные промежутки, достигает равновесного состояния?

1. AЗа 4–5 периодов полувыведения
2. BЭто зависит только от величины дозы
3. CЗа 1 период полувыведения
4. DЗа 10 периодов полувыведения

How can the absorption of oral iron be improved?

1. ATake it at the same time as an antacid to protect the stomach
2. BTake it with a cup of strong tea
3. CTake it with a glass of milk
4. DTake it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach

A transplant patient takes tacrolimus. Which monitoring is most important?

1. ASerum amylase
2. BBlood drug levels and kidney function
3. CThyroid function and bone density
4. DPeak expiratory flow

Two days after starting chemotherapy for a leukaemia with a high white cell count, a patient has reduced urine output. Which lab pattern suggests tumour lysis syndrome?

1. ANormal electrolytes with a high haemoglobin
2. BHigh potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
3. CLow potassium, low phosphate, low uric acid and high calcium
4. DHigh sodium, high glucose and low potassium

A patient on lisinopril for hypertension starts taking ibuprofen every day for knee pain. What is the main concern?

1. AWeaker blood pressure control, kidney injury and high potassium
2. BA higher risk of a dry cough than with lisinopril alone
3. CA large fall in blood pressure, with fainting and falls on standing up
4. DFaster liver metabolism of lisinopril, so it stops working