Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Mesalazine (mesalamine) is used mainly to treat:

1. AUlcerative colitis
2. BGallstones
3. CPeptic ulcer
4. DIrritable bowel syndrome with constipation

What is the normal serum sodium range in adults?

1. A135–145 mmol/L
2. B150–165 mmol/L
3. C95–105 mmol/L
4. D3,5–5,0 mmol/L

What does "bacteriostatic" mean?

1. AThe drug stops bacteria multiplying without killing them directly
2. BThe drug kills bacteria directly by breaking down their cell wall
3. CThe drug prevents the patient's immune response
4. DThe drug kills viruses as well as bacteria

Which technique is correct when giving subcutaneous enoxaparin from a prefilled syringe?

1. AInject into a vein on the back of the hand
2. BExpel the air bubble from the syringe first, then inject into the deltoid muscle
3. CMassage the site well for one minute after the injection
4. DInject into the abdomen away from the navel and do not rub the site afterwards

How should oral potassium chloride tablets be taken?

1. ACrushed and dissolved under the tongue
2. BWith food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release
3. CLying down straight after the dose
4. DOn an empty stomach with only a small sip of water, then lie down

A patient starting sulfasalazine should be told about which harmless effect?

1. AWhite spots on the nails
2. BOrange-yellow colouring of the urine
3. CGreen colouring of the sweat
4. DBlue colouring of the tongue and gums

A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?

1. AHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
2. BNormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week
3. CVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin
4. DWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once

A patient with asthma starts timolol eye drops for glaucoma and soon becomes wheezy. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe wheeze is unrelated to the eye drops
2. BTimolol activates histamine receptors in the lungs
3. CThe eye drops contain an allergen that causes hay fever and asthma
4. DTimolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways