Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Drugs whose names end in "-pril", such as lisinopril, belong to which class?

1. ABeta blockers
2. BACE inhibitors
3. CCalcium channel blockers
4. DAngiotensin II receptor blockers

Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of which hormone?

1. AOxytocin, the hormone of labour
2. BAntidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
3. CInsulin
4. DAldosterone

What is the normal fasting blood glucose range in a healthy adult?

1. A11,1–15,0 mmol/L (about 200–270 mg/dL)
2. B1,5–3,0 mmol/L (about 27–54 mg/dL)
3. C7,0–10,0 mmol/L (about 126–180 mg/dL)
4. D3,9–5,5 mmol/L (about 70–100 mg/dL)

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-1 blocker. What should the nurse advise about the first dose?

1. ATake it at bedtime, because it can cause dizziness and fainting
2. BExpect a short rise in blood pressure after the dose
3. CTake it in the morning with a cup of strong coffee to stay alert
4. DTake it only if the urine is darker than usual

A nurse has a needlestick injury from a patient with HIV. When should post-exposure prophylaxis start?

1. AOnly after the nurse's HIV test turns positive
2. BOnly if the patient's viral load is above a set level
3. CAs soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
4. DAfter one week, when the risk of infection is clearer

A patient with a peanut allergy is taught to use an adrenaline auto-injector. Which statement is correct?

1. AKeep it at home so it is not lost
2. BUse it only if the antihistamine has not worked after an hour
3. CThere is no need to see a doctor if the swelling goes down
4. DCall emergency services after using it, even if symptoms improve

A patient who takes clonidine stopped it suddenly two days ago. He is now agitated, has a headache and his blood pressure is very high. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AAn allergic reaction to clonidine
2. BNormal variation unrelated to the medication
3. CRebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal
4. DClonidine toxicity due to slow excretion by the kidneys

Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?

1. AIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
2. BIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people
3. CIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups
4. DIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor