Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Что такое терапевтический индекс?

1. AВремя достижения равновесного состояния
2. BЧисло доз в сутки
3. CОтношение токсической дозы к эффективной
4. DДоля пероральной дозы, попадающая в системный кровоток

Which long-term side effect of phenytoin makes good oral hygiene especially important?

1. ALoss of taste
2. BBlue-grey discoloration of the teeth and gums
3. COvergrowth of the gums (gingival hyperplasia)
4. DExcess saliva production

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site
2. BThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
3. CThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord
4. DThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord

Besides lithium levels, which blood tests are monitored in long-term lithium treatment?

1. AKidney function and thyroid function
2. BINR and fibrinogen
3. CLiver enzymes, serum amylase and lipase
4. DTroponin and CK-MB

A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?

1. ATake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath
2. BDouble the dose to build tolerance faster
3. CTake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
4. DTake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster

Long-term use of metformin can cause a deficiency of which vitamin?

1. AVitamin B12
2. BVitamin D
3. CVitamin A
4. DVitamin K

A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHypoglycaemia; the patient should eat sweets and continue as usual
2. BExpected nausea; the patient should take the next dose with food
3. CConstipation; a laxative will solve the problem
4. DAcute pancreatitis; the drug is stopped and urgent assessment arranged

A patient has SIADH with mild hyponatraemia and no neurological symptoms. What is usually the first-line treatment?

1. AFluid restriction
2. BA rapid bolus of hypertonic saline
3. CLarge volumes of IV glucose 5%
4. DDesmopressin