If the fetus cannot swallow, as in oesophageal atresia, amniotic fluid builds up and the stomach is not seen. Renal agenesis causes the opposite, severe oligohydramnios.
คำตอบ
C · Oesophageal atresia
3.การคำนวณขนาดยา
คำตอบ: V = 0.5 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
น้ำหนักเป็น kg
66/2.2 = 30 kg
ขนาดยา
10·30 = 300 mg
ปริมาตร
V = (300/250)·5 = 6 mL
คำตอบ
V = 6 mL
5.อัตราการให้สารน้ำทางหลอดเลือดดำ
คำตอบ: R = 30 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
มิลลิลิตรต่อนาที
120/60 = 2 mL/min
อัตราการหยด
R = 2·15 = 30 gtt/min
คำตอบ
R = 30 gtt/min
6.อัตราการให้สารน้ำทางหลอดเลือดดำ
คำตอบ: R = 75 gtt/min
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).