คำตอบ: A · Remove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts and cords
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Patients at risk of suicide need a safe environment, with belts, cords, sharp objects and glass removed, and observation at the level ordered. Privacy is secondary to safety in this situation.
คำตอบ
A · Remove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts and cords
4.การควบคุมการติดเชื้อและความปลอดภัยของผู้ป่วย
คำตอบ: D · An allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Eosinophils rise in allergic conditions such as asthma and drug reactions and in parasitic infections. Acute bacterial infection mainly raises neutrophils, and viral infection often raises lymphocytes.
คำตอบ: B · “I will rub the area after the injection to help it absorb.”
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Rubbing the site after a low-molecular-weight heparin injection increases bruising. The abdomen away from the navel, rotating sites and reporting bleeding are correct.
คำตอบ
B · “I will rub the area after the injection to help it absorb.”
7.การพยาบาลทางคลินิก
คำตอบ: D · Driven by compressed air, with oxygen given separately if needed
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Nebulisers driven by high-flow oxygen can raise PaCO2 in patients at risk. Air-driven nebulisers are used, with supplementary oxygen via nasal cannulae to keep saturation in the target range.
คำตอบ
D · Driven by compressed air, with oxygen given separately if needed
8.การพยาบาลทางคลินิก
คำตอบ: D · Restoring blood flow through the blocked coronary artery quickly
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
ST-elevation myocardial infarction means a coronary artery is usually completely blocked. Urgent reperfusion by primary PCI, or thrombolysis if PCI is not available in time, limits the amount of heart muscle that dies.
คำตอบ
D · Restoring blood flow through the blocked coronary artery quickly
A · ภาวะไทรอยด์ทำงานต่ำชนิดไม่มีอาการ (subclinical hypothyroidism)
11.เภสัชวิทยา
คำตอบ: B · They can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
In aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, COX inhibition increases leukotriene production, causing bronchospasm. These patients should avoid aspirin and other non-selective NSAIDs.
คำตอบ
B · They can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
12.เภสัชวิทยา
คำตอบ: B · To prevent progression to active TB later
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
People with latent TB carry dormant bacteria that can reactivate, especially if immunity weakens. Treatment reduces the risk of active disease, which would be infectious.
คำตอบ: D · "I can use tampons for the bleeding as soon as I get home."
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Tampons are avoided until lochia has stopped and the postnatal check is done, because they increase the risk of infection. The other statements are correct.
คำตอบ
D · "I can use tampons for the bleeding as soon as I get home."
21.การพยาบาลเด็ก
คำตอบ: C · Blowing bubbles or looking at a pop-up book
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Distraction that suits the child's age, such as bubbles, books, toys or videos, reduces pain and distress. Blowing bubbles also encourages slow, deep breathing. Parents are encouraged to stay and help.
คำตอบ
C · Blowing bubbles or looking at a pop-up book
22.การพยาบาลเด็ก
คำตอบ: B · To prevent new strep infections that could cause further attacks and more valve damage
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever follow new group A streptococcal infections and worsen rheumatic heart disease. Long-term secondary prophylaxis with penicillin prevents these infections; it does not reverse existing damage.
คำตอบ
B · To prevent new strep infections that could cause further attacks and more valve damage
23.การพยาบาลสุขภาพจิต
คำตอบ: C · "คุณรู้สึกว่าไม่มีใครสนใจคุณ เล่าให้ฟังเพิ่มได้ไหมคะ"
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).