คำตอบ: D · Explain the risks, inform the doctor and document the discussion
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
An adult with capacity can discharge themselves. The nurse explains the risks, involves the doctor, offers follow-up and documents the decision; detaining them would be unlawful.
คำตอบ
D · Explain the risks, inform the doctor and document the discussion
2.พื้นฐานการพยาบาล
คำตอบ: A · 8
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Eyes to pain score 2, incomprehensible sounds score 2 and withdrawal from pain scores 4, giving 8. A GCS of 8 or less suggests the patient may not be able to protect their airway.
คำตอบ
A · 8
3.การควบคุมการติดเชื้อและความปลอดภัยของผู้ป่วย
คำตอบ: C · Using a standard format such as SBAR or I-PASS, with time for questions
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Many errors happen at transitions of care. A structured handoff with an opportunity to ask questions, ideally at the bedside, reduces missed information.
คำตอบ
C · Using a standard format such as SBAR or I-PASS, with time for questions
4.การควบคุมการติดเชื้อและความปลอดภัยของผู้ป่วย
คำตอบ: D · Ease the patient to the floor, protect the head and turn them on their side
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
The nurse guides the patient gently to the floor, cushions the head, moves objects away and turns the patient on their side to protect the airway. The nurse stays, times the seizure and calls for help.
คำตอบ
D · Ease the patient to the floor, protect the head and turn them on their side
5.การจัดลำดับความสำคัญและการมอบหมายงาน
คำตอบ: B · Protect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
During a seizure the nurse protects the patient from injury and turns them to the side to keep the airway clear. Nothing is put in the mouth, movements are not restrained and nothing is given by mouth.
คำตอบ
B · Protect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
0.5 mg × 1000 = 500 micrograms. Writing "micrograms" in full (or "mcg" in US practice), not "µg", helps avoid confusion with "mg".
คำตอบ
D · 500 micrograms
12.เภสัชวิทยา
คำตอบ: A · Accidental intrathecal injection causes fatal ascending neurotoxicity
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Vincristine given intrathecally causes ascending paralysis and death. To prevent this, it is usually given in a small IV bag rather than a syringe and kept separate from intrathecal drugs.
คำตอบ
A · Accidental intrathecal injection causes fatal ascending neurotoxicity
คำตอบ: A · Full flexion, with the chin on the chest
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
When the head is fully flexed, the suboccipitobregmatic diameter of about 9.5 cm presents. Extension, as in brow and face presentations, presents larger diameters and can obstruct labour.
คำตอบ
A · Full flexion, with the chin on the chest
20.การพยาบาลมารดาและสูติศาสตร์
คำตอบ: C · Record it and arrange follow-up; many descend later
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
An undescended testis is common, especially in preterm boys, and often descends in the first months. If it has not descended by about 6 months, referral for surgery (orchidopexy) is recommended.
คำตอบ
C · Record it and arrange follow-up; many descend later
21.การพยาบาลเด็ก
คำตอบ: A · Iron-deficiency anaemia
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Large volumes of cow's milk are low in iron, reduce appetite for iron-rich foods and can cause small losses of blood from the gut. Toddlers who drink too much milk are a classic group for iron-deficiency anaemia; milk is usually limited to about 500 mL a day.
คำตอบ
A · Iron-deficiency anaemia
22.การพยาบาลเด็ก
คำตอบ: B · Symptoms can return even after recovery
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Some children have a biphasic reaction, with symptoms returning hours after initial recovery without further exposure. They are observed for a period set by guidelines, discharged with an action plan and auto-injectors, and referred to an allergy service.
คำตอบ
B · Symptoms can return even after recovery
23.การพยาบาลสุขภาพจิต
คำตอบ: D · เด็กเล็กมักยังไม่เห็นว่าความตายเป็นสิ่งถาวร การใช้คำง่าย ๆ และซื่อตรงจึงช่วยได้