1.ง่าย
When monitoring fluid balance, a rapid gain of 1 kg in body weight roughly equals:
- A1 litre of retained fluid
- B10 mL of retained fluid
- C100 mL of retained fluid
- D5 litres of retained fluid
2.ง่าย
What is the usual normal platelet count in adults?
- A1–2 × 109/L (1,000–2,000/mm3)
- B1,000–2,000 × 109/L (1–2 million/mm3)
- C4–11 × 109/L (4,000–11,000/mm3)
- D150–400 × 109/L (150,000–400,000/mm3)
3.ง่าย
Which description is typical of neuropathic pain?
- AA dull ache that is only present during exercise
- BA pain that only occurs after meals
- CBurning, shooting or tingling pain
- DA sharp pain only when the skin is cut
4.ปานกลาง
Which is a recognised risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting?
- AUse of opioids after surgery
- BA short operation under local anaesthetic
- CBeing a smoker
- DBeing male
5.ปานกลาง
Which side effect of regular opioids usually needs preventive treatment from the start?
- ADiarrhoea
- BHigh blood pressure
- CConstipation
- DExcessive hunger
6.ปานกลาง
Which pattern is typical of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis?
- AConstant weakness that starts in the feet and spreads upwards after a viral illness
- BSudden severe headache with neck stiffness
- CAttacks of symptoms, such as visual loss or numbness, that improve between relapses
- DA single stroke that leaves permanent weakness
7.ยาก
An acutely ill patient without COPD is on 15 L/min oxygen, and their SpO2 is now 100% and stable. What should be done?
- AStop the oxygen and the saturation monitoring because the patient is now well
- BKeep the oxygen at 15 L/min for at least a week to be on the safe side
- CIncrease the oxygen further to build up a reserve
- DReduce the oxygen to keep the SpO2 within the prescribed target range
8.ยาก
Why should chronic hypernatraemia be corrected gradually?
- ASlow correction is only needed in children
- BFast correction causes severe hyperkalaemia
- CFast correction causes osmotic demyelination from swelling of the kidneys
- DLowering the sodium too fast can cause cerebral oedema
เฉลย
- 1. A · 1 litre of retained fluid
- 2. D · 150–400 × 109/L (150,000–400,000/mm3)
- 3. C · Burning, shooting or tingling pain
- 4. A · Use of opioids after surgery
- 5. C · Constipation
- 6. C · Attacks of symptoms, such as visual loss or numbness, that improve between relapses
- 7. D · Reduce the oxygen to keep the SpO2 within the prescribed target range
- 8. D · Lowering the sodium too fast can cause cerebral oedema
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