Cevaplı Laboratuvar değerleri ve elektrolitler çalışma kâğıdı

Where is urea, measured as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), made?

1. AIn the kidneys, from the breakdown of glucose
2. BIn the bone marrow, from old red blood cells
3. CIn the muscles, from the breakdown of creatine
4. DIn the liver, from the breakdown of protein

In a person with HIV infection, a CD4 count below which level defines AIDS?

1. A200 cells/µL
2. B1,000 cells/µL
3. C50 cells/µL
4. D500 cells/µL

Why is "free T₄" often measured rather than total T₄?

1. AThe free form is the form excreted in urine
2. BThe free form is stored inside the pituitary
3. CThe free form is the unbound, active hormone
4. DThe free form is the only form made by the gland

A patient with type 1 diabetes has the flu, is eating little and has a glucose of 290 mg/dL (16,1 mmol/L). Which advice is correct?

1. ADrink only water and avoid all carbohydrate foods
2. BWait 3 days before checking the glucose again
3. CStop all insulin until you are eating normally again
4. DKeep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2,1 mmol/L on admission and 4,3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
2. BExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever
3. CImproving circulation as the fluids start to work
4. DA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours

IV kalsiyum glukonat ağır hiperkalemisi olan bir hastaya nasıl yardımcı olur?

1. APotasyumu bağırsakta bağlar ve dışkıyla atılmasını sağlar
2. BPotasyumu düşürmeden kalp hücre zarlarını stabilize eder
3. CPotasyumu kandan hücrelere kaydırır
4. DBöbreklerden potasyum atılımını artırır

A 5-year-old has new bruising and petechiae two weeks after a viral illness. Platelets are 12 × 10³/µL; hemoglobin, white cell count and clotting times are normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHemophilia A
2. BDisseminated intravascular coagulation
3. CAcute leukemia
4. DImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)

A patient with diabetes had a glucose of 58 mg/dL (3,2 mmol/L), took 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate and, 15 minutes later, the glucose is 64 mg/dL (3,6 mmol/L). The patient is alert. What should the nurse do next?

1. AGive another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck
2. BWait until the next meal before giving anything
3. CGive a long-acting insulin dose to stabilize it
4. DGive a protein snack only and recheck tomorrow