Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: kardiyovasküler ve solunum çalışma kâğıdı

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe atrioventricular (AV) node
2. BThe sinoatrial (SA) node
3. CThe bundle of His
4. DThe Purkinje fibres

What is the main role of the delay at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

1. AIt speeds the impulse to the ventricles so they beat sooner
2. BIt starts each heartbeat by firing faster than the SA node
3. CIt closes the aortic valve
4. DIt gives the ventricles time to fill before they contract

KOAH'lı hastalara büzük dudakla solunum neden öğretilir?

1. AEkspirasyon sırasında küçük hava yollarını açık tutar
2. Bİnspirasyon sırasında diyaframı güçlendirir
3. CSolunan havanın oksijen içeriğini artırır
4. DGündüz öksürme isteğini azaltır

How is a patient usually positioned for a thoracentesis?

1. AProne with the arms by the sides
2. BLying on the affected side with the head down
3. CSitting upright and leaning forward over a table
4. DFlat on the back with the legs raised

Why are beta-blockers often started after a myocardial infarction?

1. AThey reduce cholesterol in the blood
2. BThey raise the heart rate to improve blood flow to the muscle
3. CThey dissolve the clot that is blocking the coronary artery
4. DThey lower the heart's oxygen demand and reduce arrhythmias

A patient with COPD uses an inhaled corticosteroid combination inhaler. Which risk should the nurse be aware of?

1. AHearing loss after every dose
2. BAn increased risk of high blood pressure crises
3. CA sharp drop in potassium after each dose
4. DAn increased risk of pneumonia

A nurse teaches a patient who has a new permanent pacemaker. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will carry my pacemaker identification card with me at all times."
2. B"I will keep my mobile phone in my shirt pocket over the device."
3. C"I will tell staff about the device before any MRI scan."
4. D"I will keep my follow-up appointments for device checks."

Minutes after an IV antibiotic is started, a patient has wheeze, swollen lips, a rash and BP 78/44 mmHg. The infusion has been stopped and help called. What is the next priority?

1. ARestart the infusion at a slower rate
2. BGive a nebulised salbutamol dose only
3. CGive intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine)
4. DGive an oral antihistamine tablet and observe for an hour