Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: kardiyovasküler ve solunum çalışma kâğıdı

Anjina için gliseril trinitrat (nitrogliserin) sprey veya tabletleri nasıl verilmelidir?

1. ABir bardak suyla bütün olarak yutturularak
2. BHasta dik dururken dil altına
3. CHasta otururken dil altına
4. DYemekten sonra çiğnetip yutturularak

What is the "calf muscle pump"?

1. ACalf muscles squeezing the deep veins to push blood towards the heart
2. BA device that inflates around the calf during surgery to warm the leg
3. CThe artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the muscles of the calf
4. DA heart valve that pumps blood into the legs

Which procedure relieves cardiac tamponade?

1. AThoracentesis (pleural tap)
2. BPericardiocentesis
3. CBronchoscopy
4. DCardioversion

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AChest compressions until the rate slows
2. BAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
3. CA large oral dose of digoxin
4. DVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva

Why are beta-blockers often started after a myocardial infarction?

1. AThey lower the heart's oxygen demand and reduce arrhythmias
2. BThey reduce cholesterol in the blood
3. CThey dissolve the clot that is blocking the coronary artery
4. DThey raise the heart rate to improve blood flow to the muscle

Sağ ventrikül enfarktüsünde nitratlar neden büyük dikkatle kullanılır?

1. ASağ ventrikül etkilendiğinde nitratlar emilmez
2. BNitratlar enfarktüsün sol ventriküle yayılmasına yol açar
3. CNitratlar bu tür enfarktüste tehlikeli hiperkalemiye yol açar
4. DSağ ventrikül önyüke bağımlıdır, bu nedenle kan basıncı sert düşebilir

A patient regains a pulse after a ventricular fibrillation arrest that was probably caused by a heart attack. Which investigation is most urgent?

1. ASpirometry
2. BAn abdominal ultrasound
3. CA lumbar puncture
4. DA 12-lead ECG

After four days of antibiotics for pneumonia, a patient still has fever and pleuritic pain. There is dullness and reduced breath sounds at the right base. What complication should be suspected?

1. AA parapneumonic effusion or empyema
2. BAn allergic reaction to the antibiotic
3. CNormal recovery from pneumonia
4. DAsthma triggered by the infection