Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: kardiyovasküler ve solunum çalışma kâğıdı

Which of these is one of the reversible causes of cardiac arrest known as the "4 Hs"?

1. AHyperventilation
2. BHypertension
3. CHypoxia
4. DHyperglycaemia

What is the normal duration of the QRS complex on an adult ECG?

1. ABetween 0,20 and 0,40 seconds
2. BMore than 0,50 seconds
3. CExactly 1 second
4. DLess than 0,12 seconds

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight
2. BConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open
3. CIt slows the breathing rate during sleep
4. DIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter

Venöz bacak ülseri için kompresyon tedavisi uygulanmadan önce hangi değerlendirme şarttır?

1. AKültür ve duyarlılık için yara sürüntüsü
2. BAyak bileği–brakiyal basınç indeksi (ABPI)
3. CTam kan sayımı ve CRP
4. DAkciğer grafisi ve EKG

How big should a suction catheter be compared with the tracheostomy or endotracheal tube?

1. ALarger than the tube, so that it clears it completely
2. BExactly the same diameter as the tube, for a tight fit
3. CNo more than half the internal diameter of the tube
4. DAny size, as the diameter does not matter

Which energy-conservation advice is most useful for a patient with severe COPD?

1. AAvoid any activity at all, staying in a chair to save their energy
2. BSit down for tasks such as washing and dressing, and pace activities
3. CHold the breath while lifting heavy objects
4. DDo all the household tasks quickly in the morning to get them done

Hours after surgery to restore blood flow to an ischaemic leg, the patient has severe calf pain that is worse when the toes are moved passively, and the calf feels tense. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AExpected postoperative pain from the leg wound
2. BA superficial thrombophlebitis of the long saphenous vein
3. CCompartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
4. DCramp from lying still in bed

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. ADo extra exercise to open the airways
2. BFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review
3. CStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
4. DWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change