Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

How is hepatitis A mainly spread?

1. ABreathing in airborne droplets
2. BFaecal-oral route
3. CBlood transfusion and needles
4. DTick and mosquito bites

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 2 hours before
2. BUp to 12 hours before
3. CUp to 24 hours before
4. DUp to 10 minutes before

What is a carcinoma?

1. AA benign growth of fatty tissue
2. BA cancer of white blood cells
3. CA cancer arising from bone or muscle
4. DA cancer arising from epithelial cells

What is anticipatory nausea in chemotherapy?

1. ANausea caused only by the smell of food
2. BNausea that starts about a week after each cycle and lasts for days
3. CNausea triggered by reminders of treatment before it is given
4. DNausea caused by low blood glucose

Which finding means a patient is usually ready to leave recovery for the ward?

1. ASystolic BP falling steadily over the last hour, with a rising pulse rate
2. BStill drowsy and needing a jaw thrust to breathe
3. CAwake, with a clear airway, stable observations and controlled pain
4. DPain score 9/10 and vomiting repeatedly

A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?

1. ASteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer
2. BSteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery
3. CSteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery
4. DThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis

Which patient has the highest risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting?

1. AA male smoker having a short procedure without opioids
2. BA non-smoking woman with motion sickness who will need opioids
3. CA smoker who has never had nausea after surgery
4. DA man with no history of nausea having local anaesthetic only

An 80 kg adult has 30% TBSA partial- and full-thickness burns. Using the Parkland formula, how much crystalloid is planned for the first 8 hours from the time of the burn?

1. A3200 mL
2. B4800 mL
3. C2400 mL
4. D9600 mL