Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

What is metastasis?

1. AShrinking of a tumour after treatment
2. BThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
3. CHealing of tissue after a biopsy
4. DSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body

Which statement about hepatitis C is correct?

1. AIt is spread mainly through blood, and there is no vaccine
2. BIt can be treated only with a liver transplant
3. CIt always clears by itself within two weeks
4. DIt is spread mainly by food, and a vaccine is given to babies

Where should a diathermy return electrode (plate) be placed?

1. AOver a metal joint replacement
2. BOn clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle
3. COn skin covered with spirit-based prep that is still wet
4. DOver a bony area such as the hip bone

Why should antacids usually be taken at a different time from other medicines?

1. AThey stop the kidneys from clearing other drugs
2. BThey can reduce the absorption of many other drugs
3. CThey destroy other drugs before they are swallowed
4. DThey make all other drugs much more toxic

Which is a recognised cause of anaphylaxis during surgery?

1. AA warmed blanket
2. BThe patient's own blood from cell salvage
3. CSterile normal saline
4. DChlorhexidine skin preparation

When breaking bad news, what is the first step in frameworks such as SPIKES?

1. AAsk the family to decide what the patient should be told
2. BSet up a private setting with enough time
3. CGive the diagnosis as quickly as possible in the corridor
4. DGive all treatment options before checking understanding

A patient with three fractured ribs is taking shallow breaths because of pain. Why is effective analgesia a priority?

1. ARib pain always means the heart is damaged
2. BShallow breathing can lead to atelectasis and pneumonia
3. CPain relief is only needed for the patient's comfort
4. DGood analgesia makes rib fractures heal fully within a few days

During bowel preparation, an older patient becomes dizzy and confused. Blood tests show sodium 127 mmol/L. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage plain water only, as much as possible
2. BGive the rest of the preparation more quickly
3. CRecord it and continue as planned, as this is expected
4. DStop the preparation and escalate to the medical team