Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

What is a Hartmann's procedure?

1. ARemoval of part of the colon with an end colostomy and rectal stump
2. BPlacing a stent in the bile duct
3. CRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
4. DJoining the stomach directly to the small bowel

Which feature is typical of an arterial leg ulcer?

1. AA painless wound on the shin with normal pulses
2. BA painful, punched-out wound on a cold, pale foot
3. CA shallow, wet wound around the ankle with warm, swollen skin
4. DA blister on the heel with plenty of hair growth

Which measure helps prevent burn scar contractures?

1. AApplying ice packs to the scar every day
2. BAvoiding all movement until the wound has healed
3. CKeeping the joint bent in the most comfortable position
4. DPositioning, splinting and regular stretching exercises

Sirozda sodyum kısıtlamasının ve spironolaktonun rolü nedir?

1. AKan basıncını yükseltmek ve böbrek kan akımını iyileştirmek
2. BKan amonyağını düşürmek ve ensefalopatiyi tedavi etmek
3. CSodyum ve su retansiyonunu azaltmak ve asiti kontrol etmek
4. DPotasyum kaybını artırmak ve hiperkalemiyi önlemek

A patient with a new colostomy asks what to eat at home. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AAvoid all fruit and vegetables for the rest of their life
2. BDrink as little fluid as possible to reduce output
3. CEat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually
4. DEat only liquids until the stoma is removed

A dying patient can no longer drink. Which mouth care is most appropriate?

1. ABrushing hard with a stiff toothbrush twice a day
2. BLemon and glycerine swabs every hour to stimulate saliva
3. CFrequent, gentle moistening of the mouth and lips
4. DNo mouth care, to avoid disturbing the patient

An immobile patient on opioids drinks very little. Which laxative choice is least appropriate?

1. AA stimulant laxative taken regularly
2. BA bulk-forming laxative used on its own
3. CAn osmotic laxative such as a macrogol
4. DA stool softener with a stimulant laxative

A patient with recurrent diverticulitis reports passing air and faecal matter in the urine. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA fistula between the colon and the bladder
2. BA simple lower urinary tract infection
3. CA kidney stone blocking the ureter
4. DBowel preparation that was taken too quickly