Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

What is slough in a wound?

1. AYellow, soft, stringy dead tissue
2. BPink, new skin at the wound edge
3. CA thick, hard black crust
4. DRed, healthy granulation tissue

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
2. BAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
3. CGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
4. DUse only one drug at a time, never in combination

Which diet is usually advised to help prevent symptoms of diverticular disease?

1. AA diet with no fruit or vegetables
2. BA high-fibre diet with plenty of fluids
3. CA low-fibre diet with very little fluid
4. DA diet based mainly on red meat

Sirozlu hastalar neden artmış kanama riski taşır?

1. ASiroz trombosit sayısını artırır, bu da trombositleri zayıflatır
2. BSirozda yüksek arter basıncı damarların patlamasına yol açar
3. CSkarlaşmış karaciğer kana heparin gibi antikoagülan maddeler salar
4. DDaha az pıhtılaşma faktörü, düşük trombositler ve portal hipertansiyona bağlı varisler

GİS kanaması olan stabil bir hastada kırmızı hücre transfüzyonuna yönelik hangi yaklaşım güncel kanıtlara uyar?

1. AHemoglobin veya belirtiler ne olursa olsun asla transfüzyon yapmamak
2. BÇoğu stabil hastada, çoğunlukla yaklaşık 70 g/L civarında kısıtlayıcı bir eşik
3. CHer endoskopiden önce rutin olarak iki ünite transfüzyon yapmak
4. DHemoglobini her zaman 150 g/L'nin üzerinde tutmak için herkese transfüzyon yapmak

Why should antacids usually be taken at a different time from other medicines?

1. AThey can reduce the absorption of many other drugs
2. BThey stop the kidneys from clearing other drugs
3. CThey destroy other drugs before they are swallowed
4. DThey make all other drugs much more toxic

A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses blood transfusion before major surgery. What should the nurse do?

1. ACancel the surgery without discussing it
2. BPlan to transfuse secretly during the operation if it becomes needed
3. CRespect the decision, document it and inform the team
4. DAsk the family to override the decision

A patient with a platelet count of 8 × 10⁹/L (8,000/µL) develops a sudden severe headache and confusion. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ADehydration from poor intake
2. BA tension headache from stress
3. CNormal effects of chemotherapy
4. DIntracranial bleeding