Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

What does "coffee-ground" vomit usually indicate?

1. ABlood that has been partly digested by stomach acid
2. BBile coming back from an obstructed small bowel
3. CUndigested food from several days ago
4. DA side effect of drinking strong coffee

Which three principles reduce staff radiation exposure when caring for a patient with a sealed radiation source?

1. ATime, distance and shielding
2. BGloves, gown and mask
3. CSpeed, noise and lighting
4. DHeat, light and humidity

Radiotherapy to the pelvis commonly causes which side effects?

1. ADry mouth and changes in taste for many months afterwards
2. BDiarrhoea and frequent, painful passing of urine
3. CHair loss from the scalp
4. DCough and breathlessness

Why do patients with major burns lose so much fluid in the first 24–48 hours?

1. ALeaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues
2. BThe burned skin absorbs fluid from the air
3. CPatients drink far too little in hospital in the first days
4. DThe kidneys stop making urine completely

Which statement about pain relief in acute pancreatitis is correct?

1. AOpioids can be used, and good analgesia is a priority
2. BOnly paracetamol may be given
3. CPain relief should be withheld until the diagnosis is certain
4. DOpioids must never be used in pancreatitis

Yüksek riskli hastalarda tümör lizis sendromunu önlemeye hangi önlemler yardımcı olur?

1. AKemoterapi sırasında tüm IV ve oral sıvıları kesmek
2. BAllopürinol veya rasburikaz ile IV hidrasyon
3. CPotasyum tabletleriyle sıvı kısıtlaması
4. DGünlük kalsiyum ve fosfat takviyeleri

An immobile patient on opioids drinks very little. Which laxative choice is least appropriate?

1. AA bulk-forming laxative used on its own
2. BA stimulant laxative taken regularly
3. CAn osmotic laxative such as a macrogol
4. DA stool softener with a stimulant laxative

Six hours after surgery, a patient has not passed urine, has lower abdominal discomfort and a bladder scan shows 750 mL. What should the nurse do?

1. ACatheterise as per protocol or prescription
2. BRestrict fluids until the urge returns
3. CGive a diuretic to increase urine flow
4. DWait another twelve hours before acting