Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: sindirim sistemi, perioperatif ve onkoloji çalışma kâğıdı

What is diverticulosis?

1. AInflammation of the whole small bowel wall
2. BA tumour growing inside the rectum
3. CSmall pouches in the wall of the colon
4. DA twist of the sigmoid colon on itself

Which drug group is commonly used to prevent venous thromboembolism after surgery?

1. ALow molecular weight heparins
2. BNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
3. CProton pump inhibitors
4. DLoop diuretics

Why does a low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt lowers oncotic pressure, so fluid leaks into tissues
2. BIt raises blood pressure and pushes fluid into the kidneys
3. CIt blocks the lymph vessels in the abdomen
4. DIt causes the heart to pump more blood into the legs

Which statement about corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease is correct?

1. AThey are given only as a one-off injection
2. BThey are used to induce remission, not for maintenance
3. CThey are the best long-term maintenance treatment
4. DThey cure the disease after one course

A nasogastric feeding tube appears blocked. What is usually the first step?

1. AFlush gently with warm water in a 50 mL enteral syringe
2. BPush the guidewire back in to clear it
3. CUse a small 5 mL syringe with firm pressure
4. DCut the end of the tube to release the blockage inside it

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. AKeep the stoma bag as full as possible
2. BStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
3. CDo intensive sit-ups from the first week
4. DAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised

Yüksek voltajlı elektrik yaralanması olan bir hastada küçük giriş ve çıkış yaraları vardır. Neden yakın izlem gerekir?

1. ATek gerçek risk deri yaralarının hafif enfeksiyonudur
2. BGizli kas hasarı: aritmiler, rabdomiyoliz, böbrek hasarı
3. CElektrik yaralanmaları deri yüzeyinin altında asla hasara yol açmaz
4. DKüçük deri yaraları iç yaralanmanın da hafif olması gerektiğini gösterir

Which patient has the highest risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting?

1. AA man with no history of nausea having local anaesthetic only
2. BA non-smoking woman with motion sickness who will need opioids
3. CA smoker who has never had nausea after surgery
4. DA male smoker having a short procedure without opioids