Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: nöroloji, endokrin ve böbrek çalışma kâğıdı

In countries with enough iodine in the diet, what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

1. AA pituitary tumour pressing on the gland
2. BAutoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
3. CToo much iodine in salt
4. DThyroid cancer

Which description fits a cluster headache?

1. AA slowly worsening headache over months with vomiting in the morning
2. BA mild band-like ache across both sides of the head
3. CSevere one-sided pain around the eye with a watery eye
4. DA throbbing headache on both sides after drinking coffee

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
2. BKidney pain lasting more than a week
3. CAny single raised creatinine result
4. DAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months

Hangi hemşirelik eylemi kafa içi basıncının yükselmesini önlemeye yardımcı olur?

1. ATüm bakımı ve aspirasyonu tek bir uzun seansta yapmak
2. BKalçalar keskin bükülmüş halde hastayı düz yatırmak
3. CKabızlığı önlemek ve bakımı aralıklı yapmak
4. DHer saat sert öksürmeyi teşvik etmek

For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?

1. AA patient with asthma
2. BA patient with an allergy to latex
3. CA patient with heart failure
4. DA patient with hypothyroidism

Hangi idrar bulgusu diabetes insipidusu SIADH'den en iyi ayırır?

1. ADI'de seyrelmiş idrar, SIADH'de konsantre idrar vardır
2. BHer iki durumda da çok konsantre idrar vardır
3. CDI'de idrarda glukoz, SIADH'de protein vardır
4. DDI'de konsantre idrar, SIADH'de seyrelmiş idrar vardır

A patient has had a high sodium of 160 mmol/L for several days. Why must it be corrected slowly?

1. ARapid correction raises the blood glucose
2. BThe sodium will rise again if corrected quickly
3. CRapid correction causes kidney stones
4. DRapid correction can cause brain swelling

A patient with an insulin pump is admitted with nausea, a glucose of 19 mmol/L (342 mg/dL) and blood ketones of 3,1 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AIncrease the pump rate and recheck the ketones in 12 hours
2. BDisconnect the pump and give no insulin until the ketones clear
3. CSuspect failed insulin delivery and give insulin by another route
4. DGive an antiemetic only, because nausea is causing the high glucose