Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: nöroloji, endokrin ve böbrek çalışma kâğıdı

Diabetes insipidusa hangi bulgu tipiktir?

1. AKüçük hacimlerde çok konsantre idrar
2. Bİdrarda çok miktarda glukozla birlikte yüksek kan glukozu
3. CDüşük serum sodyumuyla birlikte sıvı retansiyonu
4. DBüyük hacimlerde seyrelmiş idrar ve aşırı susama

What does dysarthria mean?

1. ADifficulty swallowing food and drink safely
2. BInability to read or write after a brain injury
3. CUnclear speech caused by weak or poorly coordinated speech muscles
4. DLoss of the ability to understand spoken or written language

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin
2. BIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
3. CIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults
4. DUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia

After a lumbar discectomy, which finding should the nurse report promptly?

1. ANew weakness or numbness in the legs
2. BMild pain at the wound site
3. CA dry, intact wound dressing
4. DStiffness when getting out of bed

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. AThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours
2. BPhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag
3. CPhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient
4. DThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose

Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?

1. AStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure
2. BThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
3. CSudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus
4. DStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys

Weeks after starting insulin, a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes needs much less insulin and has frequent mild hypos. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe diabetes has been cured, so insulin can stop
2. BThe insulin has gone off and should be replaced
3. CThe patient actually has type 2 diabetes
4. DA honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed

Akut iskemik inmeli bir hasta trombolizis adayı değildir. 1. günde KB 190/100 mmHg'dir ve başka acil durum yoktur. Genellikle ne uygundur?

1. AAgresif düşürmekten kaçınmak ve inme ekibinin hedeflerini izlemek
2. BHastayı düz yatırıp büyük bir sıvı bolusu vermek
3. CIV ilaçlarla hızla 110/70 mmHg'ye düşürmek
4. D120 mmHg'nin altına inene kadar her 5 dakikada nitrat spreyi vermek