Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: nöroloji, endokrin ve böbrek çalışma kâğıdı

Diyabetik ketoasidoza hangi solunum örüntüsü tipiktir?

1. ADerin, hızlı (Kussmaul) solunum
2. BCheyne–Stokes solunumu
3. CWheezing eşliğinde hızlı, yüzeysel soluma
4. DYavaş, yüzeysel solunum

What is an aura before a seizure?

1. AA lasting change in vision that is caused by long-term epilepsy
2. BA warning sensation, which is itself a small focal seizure
3. CThe confusion and sleepiness after a seizure ends
4. DA rash that appears after some antiepileptic drugs

What is sciatica?

1. ACramp in the calf muscle after exercise, caused by low potassium levels
2. BPain in the front of the knee caused by arthritis
3. CPain that spreads down the back of the leg from an irritated nerve root
4. DStiffness of the hips in the morning

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. ADysarthria from facial weakness
2. BReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
3. CGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
4. DExpressive (Broca's) aphasia

Omurilik yaralanmasından sonra neden sıklıkla aralıklı kendi kendine kateterizasyon öğretilir?

1. AMesaneyi zamanla giderek büyümesi için eğitir
2. Bİdrar yolu enfeksiyonu riskini tamamen ortadan kaldırır
3. CEsas olarak idrar çıkışını doğru ölçmek için kullanılır
4. DMesane boşalmayabilir ve düzenli boşaltma böbrekleri korur

Why can a patient with an insulin pump develop DKA within hours if the pump stops working?

1. AThe body becomes allergic to insulin when the pump stops
2. BThe battery in the pump releases chemicals into the blood
3. CThe pump gives only rapid-acting insulin, so there is no long-acting reserve
4. DThe pump gives long-acting insulin, which builds up and stops working all at once

A patient with an insulin pump is admitted with nausea, a glucose of 19 mmol/L (342 mg/dL) and blood ketones of 3,1 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. ASuspect failed insulin delivery and give insulin by another route
2. BDisconnect the pump and give no insulin until the ketones clear
3. CIncrease the pump rate and recheck the ketones in 12 hours
4. DGive an antiemetic only, because nausea is causing the high glucose

Ameliyattan sonra bir hastanın idrar çıkışı 3 saat boyunca saatte 15 mL, nabzı 110/dk, KB 96/58 mmHg ve mukozaları kurudur. Düşük idrar çıkışının en olası nedeni nedir?

1. AHipovolemiye bağlı prerenal ABH
2. BIV sıvılara bağlı sıvı yüklenmesi
3. CCerrahinin neden olduğu SIADH
4. DAnesteziden sonra diabetes insipidus