Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: nöroloji, endokrin ve böbrek çalışma kâğıdı

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. AThe nerves of the autonomic system only
2. BUpper and lower motor neurons
3. CThe optic nerves and retina
4. DSensory nerves in the skin only

Hemodiyaliz fistülü olan kolda hangi işlemden kaçınılmalıdır?

1. AThrill'i hissetmek için fistülün üzerine hafifçe dokunmak
2. BKolu normal şekilde hareket ettirmek
3. CSabun ve suyla yıkamak
4. DKan basıncı manşonları veya kan örnekleri

Why is dexamethasone often given to patients with a brain tumour?

1. ATo kill the tumour cells directly
2. BTo prevent infection after a biopsy
3. CTo reduce swelling around the tumour
4. DTo raise the blood pressure

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night
2. BIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
3. CIt lowers the blood glucose to normal
4. DIt raises potassium to protect the heart

İnme için IV trombolizisten önce yaygın olarak hangi kan basıncı sınırı kullanılır?

1. AYaklaşık 200/120 mmHg'nin üzeri
2. BYaklaşık 185/110 mmHg'nin altı
3. CYaklaşık 90/60 mmHg'nin altı
4. DKan basıncı sınırı yoktur

After a kidney biopsy, which observation is most important?

1. AThe colour of the patient's skin on the face
2. BThe temperature every four hours only
3. CSigns of bleeding, such as haematuria and a rising pulse
4. DThe patient's appetite at the next meal

The night after hip surgery, an 84-year-old becomes suddenly confused and tries to pull out their IV line. What is the most appropriate first step?

1. AApply wrist restraints to protect the IV line
2. BTell the family that this is the start of dementia
3. CLook for causes such as low oxygen, pain, retention or infection
4. DAsk for a strong sedative so that the patient can sleep

Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?

1. ANot enough fluid is being removed
2. BFluid is being removed too quickly
3. CThe dialysate is too cold
4. DAn allergic reaction to the needles