Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: nöroloji, endokrin ve böbrek çalışma kâğıdı

Hangi özellikler Cushing sendromuna tipiktir?

1. ASoğuğa dayanıksızlık, yavaş nabız, kuru cilt ve yaygın saç dökülmesi
2. BKilo kaybı, düşük kan basıncı ve koyulaşmış cilt
3. CAşırı susamayla birlikte büyük hacimlerde seyrelmiş idrar
4. DSantral kilo alımı, yuvarlak yüz, ince cilt, yüksek glukoz

Why should insulin injection sites be rotated?

1. ATo stop the insulin from spreading to other organs
2. BTo make the insulin work faster each time
3. CTo avoid building up an immune response to the insulin
4. DTo prevent fatty lumps that absorb insulin unevenly

How should a patient collect a midstream urine sample?

1. ALet the first part go in the toilet, then catch the middle
2. BCollect urine from the toilet bowl afterwards
3. CCollect the very first drops into the container
4. DCollect urine over 24 hours into one bottle

Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?

1. ABeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo
2. BBeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen
3. CBeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines
4. DBeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. APhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient
2. BPhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag
3. CThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
4. DThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours

A patient's fistula starts to bleed at home after the needles were removed. What should they do first?

1. APress firmly on the site with clean gauze
2. BApply a tight tourniquet above the fistula
3. CWait for the next dialysis session
4. DRaise the arm and let it bleed freely

Bir hastada şiddetli baş ağrısı, terleme, çarpıntı ve çok yüksek kan basıncı atakları vardır. Hangi durum düşünülmelidir?

1. ADiabetes insipidus
2. BAddison hastalığı
3. CHipotiroidi
4. DFeokromositoma

A patient with gastroparesis has hypos soon after their meal-time insulin, then high glucose several hours later. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe patient is secretly eating sweets between meals
2. BThe meter gives false results for several hours after every meal
3. CFood is absorbed slowly, so the insulin peaks before the glucose rises
4. DThe insulin has gone off and needs replacing