Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: nöroloji, endokrin ve böbrek çalışma kâğıdı

Akut böbrek hasarı (ABH) ne anlama gelir?

1. ASaatler ila günler içinde böbrek fonksiyonunda hızlı düşüş
2. BFonksiyon değişikliği olmayan böbrek taşları
3. CBöbrek dokusunun bakteriyel enfeksiyonu
4. DYıllar içinde böbrek fonksiyonunun yavaş, kalıcı kaybı

Diyabetli kişilerde koruyucu duyu kaybı için ayakları taramada hangi basit test kullanılır?

1. ATabana 10 g'lık monofilamanla dokunmak
2. BAyak parmağından kapiller kan glukozu ölçmek
3. CBaldır çevresini ölçmek
4. DParmakların kapiller dolumunu kontrol etmek

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?

1. AAn autoimmune attack on the adrenal glands
2. BA tumour of the adrenal medulla
3. CA lack of ACTH from the pituitary gland
4. DLong-term use of glucocorticoid medicines

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. AKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
2. BUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
3. CRestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward
4. DMove the patient to a different room each day for variety

For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?

1. AA patient with hypothyroidism
2. BA patient with asthma
3. CA patient with heart failure
4. DA patient with an allergy to latex

A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ATake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off
2. BCheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
3. CAvoid checking glucose until the ride is over
4. DSkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat

A patient with long-standing diabetes suddenly has many new floaters and painless loss of vision in one eye. What is most likely, and what is needed?

1. AA bleed into the eye from retinopathy, needing urgent review
2. BDry eyes, needing lubricating drops
3. CNormal ageing of the lens, needing new glasses
4. DA migraine aura, needing pain relief

A patient received IV insulin and glucose for hyperkalaemia an hour ago. What must the nurse monitor over the next few hours?

1. AUrine colour, for blood in the urine
2. BSkin, for a drug rash
3. CPupils, for raised intracranial pressure
4. DCapillary glucose, for hypoglycaemia