Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: nöroloji, endokrin ve böbrek çalışma kâğıdı

Which cranial nerves are mainly involved in the gag reflex?

1. AOlfactory (I) and optic (II)
2. BGlossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)
3. COculomotor (III) and abducens (VI)
4. DTrigeminal (V) and facial (VII)

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord
2. BMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation
3. CAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
4. DA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs

Hemodiyaliz fistülü olan kolda hangi işlemden kaçınılmalıdır?

1. AKan basıncı manşonları veya kan örnekleri
2. BThrill'i hissetmek için fistülün üzerine hafifçe dokunmak
3. CKolu normal şekilde hareket ettirmek
4. DSabun ve suyla yıkamak

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. AWashing prevents all infection from the lancet
2. BWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
3. CSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
4. DSoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger

Omurilik yaralanmasından sonra neden sıklıkla aralıklı kendi kendine kateterizasyon öğretilir?

1. Aİdrar yolu enfeksiyonu riskini tamamen ortadan kaldırır
2. BEsas olarak idrar çıkışını doğru ölçmek için kullanılır
3. CMesane boşalmayabilir ve düzenli boşaltma böbrekleri korur
4. DMesaneyi zamanla giderek büyümesi için eğitir

A patient with CKD is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which measure helps protect the kidneys?

1. AGood hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
2. BGiving a dose of ibuprofen before the scan
3. CDoubling the dose of contrast for a clearer image
4. DRestricting all fluids for 24 hours before the scan

A patient who has taken prednisolone daily for years is vomiting and cannot keep tablets down. What should the nurse do?

1. AOmit the steroid until the vomiting stops
2. BGive the next dose with a glass of milk
3. CGive the tablets again after every vomit
4. DEscalate urgently for steroid by injection

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging
2. BAdvise more fluids and review in a year
3. CAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
4. DReassure him, because the blood has stopped