Cevaplı Dahili-cerrahi: nöroloji, endokrin ve böbrek çalışma kâğıdı

What is urge incontinence?

1. ALeaking only when laughing, coughing or lifting heavy objects
2. BA sudden, strong need to pass urine, followed by leaking
3. CLeaking because the toilet is too far away
4. DDribbling because the bladder never empties

What is spinal shock?

1. AA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury
2. BA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma
3. CA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic
4. DA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage

What causes myasthenia gravis?

1. ACompression of a nerve root in the lower back
2. BLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the midbrain
3. CAntibodies against acetylcholine receptors on muscle
4. DDamage to myelin in the brain and spinal cord

Uzun süreli fenitoin kullanan bir hasta hangi yan etki konusunda bilgilendirilmelidir?

1. AKilo kaybı ve sıcağa dayanıksızlık
2. BGiderek artan, kalıcı işitme kaybı
3. CDiş eti aşırı büyümesi, bu yüzden iyi ağız hijyeni önemlidir
4. DHemen her hastada kafa derisinde saç dökülmesi

A patient has a nephrostomy tube. Which finding needs urgent action?

1. ASteady urine drainage into the bag
2. BDrainage that stops suddenly with new loin pain
3. CLight pink urine on the first day after insertion
4. DA dry, intact dressing at the site

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt lowers the blood glucose to normal
2. BIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
3. CIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night
4. DIt raises potassium to protect the heart

An older man was found on the floor after lying there for many hours. His urine is dark brown, and his creatine kinase is very high. What is the main kidney risk and the key treatment?

1. AHypothermia, treated with a fluid restriction
2. BAKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids
3. CA urinary infection, treated with oral antibiotics only
4. DA kidney stone, treated with strong pain relief

A patient with a brain injury has a mean arterial pressure of 80 mmHg and an ICP of 25 mmHg. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 80 mmHg, which is normal
2. BThe ICP cannot affect brain perfusion if the blood pressure is normal
3. CThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 105 mmHg, which is too high
4. DThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 55 mmHg, below the usual target