Cevaplı Farmakoloji çalışma kâğıdı

Which long-term side effect of phenytoin makes good oral hygiene especially important?

1. AExcess saliva production
2. BLoss of taste
3. CBlue-grey discoloration of the teeth and gums
4. DOvergrowth of the gums (gingival hyperplasia)

Yeni bir ilaç genellikle ilk kez hangi klinik araştırma fazında insanlara, çoğu zaman sağlıklı gönüllülere verilir?

1. AFaz II
2. BFaz III
3. CFaz I
4. DFaz IV

What does "polypharmacy" mean?

1. AA pharmacy that stocks many different brands of the same drug
2. BTaking one drug in several different forms
3. CUsing a drug at a very high dose
4. DThe use of many medicines at the same time, often five or more

Which side effects are most common when starting gabapentin?

1. ACough and runny nose
2. BDrowsiness and dizziness
3. CHair loss and weight loss
4. DInsomnia and agitation

Gliseril trinitrat (GTN) anginayı nasıl giderir?

1. AEsas olarak venleri genişleten ve kalbin iş yükünü azaltan nitrik oksit salar
2. BBeta-1 reseptörlerini bloke ederek kalbi yavaşlatır
3. CKoroner arterdeki pıhtıyı çözer
4. DKasılma gücünü artırır, böylece kalp kanı daha verimli pompalar

Statinlerin hangi ciddi ama nadir advers etkisi hastalarca hemen bildirilmelidir?

1. AAğızda metalik tat
2. BAyak bileği şişliği
3. CAçıklanamayan kas ağrısı veya güçsüzlüğü
4. DKuru öksürük

Why are tetracyclines usually avoided in pregnancy and in young children (under 8 years in US guidance, under 12 years in the UK)?

1. AThey cause grey baby syndrome in infants
2. BThey cause severe hearing loss in children
3. CThey block the action of growth hormone and stunt the child's growth
4. DThey bind to growing teeth and bone and stain the teeth permanently

A patient with severe liver cirrhosis takes oral propranolol, a drug with a high first-pass metabolism. What effect is expected?

1. ALess drug is absorbed from the gut, so a higher dose is needed
2. BMore drug reaches the circulation, so a lower dose may be needed
3. CThe first-pass effect increases, so the drug becomes inactive
4. DThe drug is excreted faster by the kidney, so it works for a shorter time