Cevaplı Farmakoloji çalışma kâğıdı

How does allopurinol prevent gout?

1. AIt blocks prostaglandins in the inflamed joint
2. BIt dissolves crystals already in the joint within hours
3. CIt inhibits xanthine oxidase, so less uric acid is made
4. DIt increases the kidney excretion of calcium

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site
2. BThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord
3. CThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
4. DThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord

With patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), who should press the button to give a dose?

1. AA family member when the patient is asleep
2. BAny visitor who thinks the patient is in pain
3. CThe nursing assistant at set times
4. DOnly the patient

A patient with insulin-treated diabetes is found unconscious with very low blood glucose. There is no IV access. Which drug can a trained helper give?

1. ARapid-acting insulin under the skin
2. BGlucagon by injection or nasal spray
3. COral glucose gel poured into the mouth
4. DIntramuscular adrenaline

Which adverse effects are typical of donepezil?

1. ANausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
2. BWeight gain and high blood glucose
3. CDry mouth, constipation and a fast heart rate
4. DHair loss and skin pigmentation

Empagliflozin gibi SGLT2 inhibitörleri kan şekerini nasıl düşürür?

1. AKaraciğerin daha fazla glikojen depolamasını sağlarlar
2. BMidenin boşalmasını yavaşlatırlar
3. Cİdrarla glukoz kaybını artırırlar
4. DBeta hücrelerinden insülin salınımını uyarırlar

A patient with asthma starts timolol eye drops for glaucoma and soon becomes wheezy. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe eye drops contain an allergen that causes hay fever and asthma
2. BThe wheeze is unrelated to the eye drops
3. CTimolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways
4. DTimolol activates histamine receptors in the lungs

Two days after starting chemotherapy for a leukaemia with a high white cell count, a patient has reduced urine output. Which lab pattern suggests tumour lysis syndrome?

1. ANormal electrolytes with a high haemoglobin
2. BLow potassium, low phosphate, low uric acid and high calcium
3. CHigh sodium, high glucose and low potassium
4. DHigh potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium