Пріоритезація та делегування у стилі NCLEX: шпаргалка-підсумок

A nurse needs to give report on a patient to a colleague. Which information is the most important to include?

1. AThe patient’s favorite television programs and hobbies
2. BPersonal opinions about the patient’s family members and their visiting habits
3. CThe patient’s current condition, recent changes and pending tasks
4. DDetails of the nurse’s own break times that shift

A patient admitted with suspected appendicitis says the pain suddenly got better, but now the abdomen is rigid and the heart rate is rising. What does this suggest?

1. AThe pain has moved to a different, harmless place
2. BThe appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
3. CThe appendicitis is getting better without surgery
4. DThe patient’s analgesic has finally started to work

Why is blood glucose control important around the time of surgery?

1. AGlucose levels only affect patients who have type 1 diabetes
2. BLow glucose is needed around surgery so that the wound edges close more quickly
3. CHigh glucose impairs white cell function and raises the risk of surgical site infection
4. DHigh glucose makes anesthetic drugs work for much longer and delays waking up

A nurse teaches new parents about safe infant sleep. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“We will keep the crib in our room, next to our bed, for the first months.”
2. B“We will not smoke near the baby.”
3. C“We will put a soft bumper pad and a blanket in the crib so the baby is cozy.”
4. D“We will lay the baby on the back for every sleep, including naps.”

A patient with a potassium of 2,8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom
2. BIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
3. CIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
4. DIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low

A patient stopped long-term prednisone suddenly a week ago. Now: blood pressure 78/46 mm Hg, sodium 128 mEq/L, potassium 4,6 mEq/L, glucose 58 mg/dL (3,2 mmol/L). Which condition is most likely?

1. APrimary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
2. BCushing syndrome from steroid excess
3. CAcute adrenal insufficiency (adrenal crisis)
4. DSyndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

Бал NEWS2 пацієнта зріс до 7. Яка відповідь доречна?

1. AПродовжувати спостереження кожні 12 годин
2. BНевідкладне оцінювання клінічною командою з навичками інтенсивної терапії
3. CДати заспокійливе й перевірити пізніше
4. DЗаписати бал, почастішати спостереження і чекати ранкового обходу

A patient taking regular ibuprofen suddenly develops severe upper abdominal pain, a rigid abdomen and becomes tachycardic. What is most likely?

1. AIndigestion that will settle with antacids
2. BConstipation
3. CIrritable bowel syndrome
4. DA perforated peptic ulcer

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
2. BA chest X-ray
3. CAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
4. DA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit

Під час тяжкого нападу астми PaCO₂ пацієнта зростає від низького до нормального, а сам він виглядає виснаженим. Що це означає?

1. AНапад минає, і лікування можна зменшити
2. BЗразок, імовірно, венозний, і його можна проігнорувати
3. CПацієнт втомлюється, і може розвинутися дихальна недостатність
4. DПацієнт гіпервентилює через тривогу

Why does a patient with untreated hypothyroidism need extra care when given opioids or sedatives?

1. AThey break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
2. BThey clear the drugs too fast, so higher doses are needed
3. CThese drugs make the thyroid gland overactive
4. DThere is no difference compared with other patients

Після тотальної тиреоїдектомії пацієнт стає тривожним, з'являються стридор і напружена припухлість на шиї. Що має зробити медсестра насамперед?

1. AПопросити пацієнта якомога більше розмовляти, щоб перевірити голос
2. BПокликати екстрену допомогу: гематома може стискати дихальні шляхи
3. CПрикласти пакет з льодом до шиї та покласти пацієнта горизонтально
4. DДати анальгезію й повторно оцінити припухлість через годину

Why are antibody levels checked after a healthcare worker receives the hepatitis B vaccine?

1. ATo decide whether they need a liver biopsy
2. BTo check whether they caught hepatitis B from the vaccine
3. CTo measure liver damage caused by the vaccine
4. DTo confirm that the vaccine produced immunity

A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses blood transfusion before major surgery. What should the nurse do?

1. ACancel the surgery without discussing it
2. BPlan to transfuse secretly during the operation if it becomes needed
3. CRespect the decision, document it and inform the team
4. DAsk the family to override the decision