Робочий аркуш «Біологія для вступних іспитів на медсестринство» з відповідями

What are stomata?

1. ATubes that carry water up the stem
2. BHairs on roots that absorb minerals
3. CGreen structures in the leaf that store starch
4. DSmall pores in leaves that allow gas exchange

What is a pedigree in genetics?

1. AA chart that shows how a trait is inherited in a family
2. BA list of all the genes in an organism
3. CA table of codons and amino acids
4. DA picture of a person's chromosomes arranged in pairs by size

What is the main material in the cell walls of fungi?

1. ACollagen
2. BCellulose
3. CChitin
4. DPeptidoglycan

HIV is a retrovirus. What does its enzyme reverse transcriptase do?

1. AIt makes proteins from the virus's DNA
2. BIt breaks down the host's ribosomes
3. CIt makes RNA from the host's DNA
4. DIt makes DNA from the virus's RNA

Red-green colour blindness is X-linked recessive. A colour-blind woman (XᵇXᵇ) has children with a man with normal colour vision (XᴮY). What fraction of their sons is expected to be colour-blind?

1. AOne half
2. BOne quarter
3. CAll
4. DNone

Why do chromosomes condense into short, thick shapes before mitosis?

1. ASo that genes can be transcribed more easily
2. BSo that they can leave through the nuclear pores
3. CSo that they can be copied more quickly
4. DSo they can be moved apart without tangling or breaking

A person's body temperature starts to fall in a cold room. Which responses help bring it back up?

1. ASweating and widening of blood vessels in the skin
2. BShivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
3. CSlower heart rate and less muscle activity
4. DFaster breathing and more urine production

The rate of an enzyme reaction rises as substrate is added but then levels off, even when more substrate is added. Why?

1. AAll the active sites are occupied
2. BThe products have turned back into substrate
3. CThe substrate has become an inhibitor
4. DThe enzyme has been denatured