Робочий аркуш «Біологія для вступних іспитів на медсестринство» з відповідями

Де міститься більшість ДНК еукаріотичної клітини?

1. AУ клітинній мембрані
2. BУ ядрі
3. CУ клітинній стінці
4. DУ лізосомах

In biology, what is a clone?

1. AAn organism that carries genes from two different species
2. BA genetically identical copy of an organism, cell or gene
3. CA cell with an extra chromosome
4. DAn offspring of two different parents

З якою основою в ДНК завжди сполучається аденін?

1. AЗ урацилом
2. BЗ гуаніном
3. CЗ цитозином
4. DЗ тиміном

Why can an electron microscope show more detail than a light microscope?

1. AElectron microscopes use living cells only
2. BElectrons are brighter than light
3. CElectrons have a much shorter wavelength than light
4. DElectron microscopes use stronger glass lenses

Sickle cell disease is caused by a single base change that replaces one amino acid in haemoglobin. What type of mutation is this?

1. AA nonsense mutation
2. BA missense mutation
3. CA frameshift mutation
4. DA silent mutation

A cell has a nucleus and mitochondria but no cell wall and no chloroplasts. What kind of cell is it most likely to be?

1. AA fungal cell
2. BA plant cell
3. CAn animal cell
4. DA bacterial cell

Why is one new DNA strand made in short pieces (Okazaki fragments) during replication?

1. AThe lagging strand is made of RNA instead of DNA, so it must be built in pieces
2. BHelicase cuts that strand into pieces before copying
3. COnly half of the DNA needs to be copied
4. DDNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel

Plants in waterlogged soil take up fewer mineral ions, even when the ions are plentiful. What is the best explanation?

1. AWater dilutes the ions so much that roots cannot detect them
2. BRoot cells lack oxygen, so less ATP is made for active transport
3. CMineral ions only enter by osmosis, and osmosis stops in wet soil
4. DWaterlogged roots carry out more photosynthesis