Робочий аркуш «Біологія для вступних іспитів на медсестринство» з відповідями

Which type of microscope is needed to see a virus?

1. AA light microscope
2. BAn electron microscope
3. CA magnifying glass
4. DA dissecting microscope

Who first used the word "cells" after looking at thin slices of cork under a microscope?

1. ALouis Pasteur
2. BRobert Hooke
3. CGregor Mendel
4. DCharles Darwin

З якою основою в ДНК завжди сполучається аденін?

1. AЗ урацилом
2. BЗ цитозином
3. CЗ тиміном
4. DЗ гуаніном

HIV is a retrovirus. What does its enzyme reverse transcriptase do?

1. AIt breaks down the host's ribosomes
2. BIt makes DNA from the virus's RNA
3. CIt makes proteins from the virus's DNA
4. DIt makes RNA from the host's DNA

What is an inversion mutation?

1. AA chromosome segment breaks off and is reattached the wrong way round
2. BA segment of a chromosome moves to a different, non-matching chromosome
3. CA whole extra chromosome is added to the cell
4. DA segment of a chromosome is lost completely

Which of these is part of the body's innate (non-specific) defence?

1. AMemory B cells from an earlier infection
2. BAntibodies made after vaccination
3. CT cells that recognise one virus
4. DThe skin and stomach acid

The antibiotic tetracycline binds to bacterial ribosomes. Which process does it block, and why are human cells much less affected?

1. ATranslation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
2. BTranslation, because human cells have no ribosomes
3. CDNA replication, because bacteria have no DNA polymerase
4. DTranscription, because human cells have no RNA polymerase of their own

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a faulty CFTR protein, which forms a chloride channel in the cell membrane. Which process is directly affected?

1. ACopying of DNA in the nucleus
2. BMovement of chloride ions through a membrane protein
3. CDiffusion of oxygen molecules through the lipid bilayer
4. DProduction of ATP in the mitochondria