Робочий аркуш «Біологія для вступних іспитів на медсестринство» з відповідями

What is natural selection?

1. AIndividuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more
2. BHumans breeding plants for useful traits
3. CAnimals choosing which mates they like best, so traits change at random
4. DOrganisms changing their genes when they need to

Which feature helps a sperm cell carry out its job?

1. AA flagellum for swimming
2. BChloroplasts for making food
3. CA large vacuole for storing water
4. DA cell wall for protection

What is the job of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

1. AIt forms the main structure of the ribosome
2. BIt stores genetic information in the nucleus permanently
3. CIt carries amino acids to the ribosomes
4. DIt carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes

Що відбувається під час транскрипції?

1. AЗ ДНК створюється копія гена у вигляді мРНК
2. BАмінокислоти з'єднуються на рибосомі
3. CЗ повідомлення мРНК будується білок
4. DУся молекула ДНК копіюється перед поділом

A deletion removes exactly three bases, forming one whole codon, from the middle of a gene. What is the most likely result?

1. AThe protein becomes three times longer
2. BNo protein can be made at all
3. CThe protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
4. DEvery amino acid after the deletion is changed to a new one

What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?

1. AAn epidemic affects the whole world at once
2. BA pandemic affects only one town
3. CAn epidemic is caused only by bacteria
4. DA pandemic spreads across many countries or continents

A plant is kept in the dark to use up its starch. One leaf is then sealed in a bag with a chemical that absorbs CO₂, and the plant is placed in light. Later, that leaf has no starch, but the other leaves do. What does this show?

1. AOxygen is needed for photosynthesis
2. BCarbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis
3. CChlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis
4. DLight is needed for photosynthesis

A patient breathes very slowly, so carbon dioxide builds up in the blood. What happens to the blood pH, and why?

1. AIt rises, because CO₂ is a base
2. BIt falls, because CO₂ forms carbonic acid in the blood
3. CIt stays the same, because CO₂ does not dissolve in blood
4. DIt rises, because CO₂ removes hydrogen ions