Робочий аркуш «Біологія для вступних іспитів на медсестринство» з відповідями

What is natural selection?

1. AHumans breeding plants for useful traits
2. BOrganisms changing their genes when they need to
3. CIndividuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more
4. DAnimals choosing which mates they like best, so traits change at random

What is a eukaryote?

1. AAn organism made of a single cell without a nucleus
2. BA virus that infects animal cells
3. CAn organism that lives only in extreme heat
4. DAn organism whose cells have a nucleus

Which organelle makes lipids and helps break down drugs and toxins in liver cells?

1. ASmooth endoplasmic reticulum
2. BRough endoplasmic reticulum
3. CCentriole
4. DNucleolus

Why do chromosomes condense into short, thick shapes before mitosis?

1. ASo that they can be copied more quickly
2. BSo that they can leave through the nuclear pores
3. CSo they can be moved apart without tangling or breaking
4. DSo that genes can be transcribed more easily

Which DNA bases are purines?

1. AAdenine and thymine
2. BCytosine and guanine
3. CCytosine and thymine
4. DAdenine and guanine

Which statement about Archaea is correct?

1. AThey are multicellular plants
2. BThey are eukaryotes that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
3. CThey are a type of virus
4. DThey are prokaryotes, and many live in extreme environments

Cells lining the small intestine have tiny finger-like folds of membrane called microvilli. What does this tell you about their job?

1. AThey protect the gut from bacteria by producing mucus
2. BThey make digestive enzymes in large amounts
3. CThey absorb substances, so they need a large surface area
4. DThey move food along by beating like cilia

How does the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system find the right place to cut DNA?

1. AIt reads the amino acid sequence of the protein
2. BThe Cas9 protein cuts DNA at random sites
3. CA guide RNA pairs with the matching DNA sequence
4. DIt binds only to the start codon of every gene