Робочий аркуш «Біологія для вступних іспитів на медсестринство» з відповідями

What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

1. AAn organism whose DNA has been changed by genetic engineering
2. BAn organism that has caught a virus
3. CAn organism produced by normal sexual reproduction between two parents
4. DAn organism that has been grown in a greenhouse

Яку функцію виконує лізосома?

1. AВловлює світлову енергію для клітини
2. BЗберігає генетичну інформацію клітини
3. CСинтезує білки з амінокислот
4. DПеретравлює відходи та зношені частини

Яка найменша одиниця вважається живою?

1. AАтом
2. BКлітина
3. CМолекула
4. DТканина

After gel electrophoresis, which DNA fragments are found furthest from the wells?

1. AThe fragments with the most guanine
2. BThe fragments with the most adenine
3. CThe largest fragments
4. DThe smallest fragments

What does RNA polymerase do?

1. AIt copies the whole genome before cell division
2. BIt builds a protein from an mRNA template
3. CIt removes introns from pre-mRNA
4. DIt builds an RNA strand from a DNA template

Which is the correct way to write the scientific name of the gut bacterium?

1. AEscherichia Coli
2. BEscherichia Coli
3. CEscherichia coli
4. Dcoli Escherichia

Finches on the Galápagos Islands have different beak shapes on islands with different foods. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe beaks changed because the birds chose to eat new food
2. BEach bird changed its beak by using it more
3. CThe birds were all created with the same beak and it never changed
4. DNatural selection favoured beaks suited to each food source

The antibiotic tetracycline binds to bacterial ribosomes. Which process does it block, and why are human cells much less affected?

1. ATranscription, because human cells have no RNA polymerase of their own
2. BDNA replication, because bacteria have no DNA polymerase
3. CTranslation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
4. DTranslation, because human cells have no ribosomes