Робочий аркуш «Біологія для вступних іспитів на медсестринство» з відповідями

What is a pedigree in genetics?

1. AA picture of a person's chromosomes arranged in pairs by size
2. BA list of all the genes in an organism
3. CA table of codons and amino acids
4. DA chart that shows how a trait is inherited in a family

Яка основна функція апарату Гольджі?

1. AКопіювання ДНК перед поділом клітини
2. BКерування тим, які гени вмикаються
3. CМодифікація та пакування білків
4. DВироблення АТФ у процесі клітинного дихання

Де міститься більшість ДНК еукаріотичної клітини?

1. AУ клітинній мембрані
2. BУ лізосомах
3. CУ клітинній стінці
4. DУ ядрі

In a food chain, which organisms are the producers?

1. APredators at the top of the chain
2. BFungi that break down dead material
3. CAnimals that eat only plants, such as rabbits and deer
4. DPlants and algae that make food by photosynthesis

Sickle cell disease is caused by a single base change that replaces one amino acid in haemoglobin. What type of mutation is this?

1. AA silent mutation
2. BA frameshift mutation
3. CA missense mutation
4. DA nonsense mutation

What happens to a protein when it is denatured?

1. AIt becomes more active than before
2. BIt turns into a carbohydrate
3. CIt loses its 3D shape but keeps its amino acid sequence
4. DIt loses some of its amino acids but keeps its folded shape

Why does the influenza vaccine need to be updated most years?

1. AThe virus keeps changing its surface proteins through mutation
2. BThe vaccine damages the immune system after one year, so it must be repeated
3. CInfluenza is caused by a different bacterium each year
4. DAntibodies cannot be made against viruses

Scientists put a human gene into bacteria to make a protein. Why do they use a DNA copy made from the mature mRNA instead of the gene taken straight from human DNA?

1. AHuman DNA has no start codons
2. BBacteria cannot read human codons
3. CBacteria have no ribosomes
4. DBacteria cannot remove introns