Робочий аркуш «Біологія для вступних іспитів на медсестринство» з відповідями

In an enzyme reaction, what is the substrate?

1. AThe part of the enzyme that changes shape
2. BThe gene that codes for the enzyme
3. CThe substance that the enzyme acts on
4. DThe product released at the end

What does the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) do?

1. AIt separates proteins by their charge
2. BIt cuts DNA at specific sequences
3. CIt makes many copies of a piece of DNA
4. DIt turns RNA into protein

Which of these diseases is caused by a virus?

1. AInfluenza
2. BMalaria
3. CAthlete's foot
4. DTuberculosis

Sickle cell disease is caused by a single base change that replaces one amino acid in haemoglobin. What type of mutation is this?

1. AA frameshift mutation
2. BA nonsense mutation
3. CA missense mutation
4. DA silent mutation

Чому грампозитивні бактерії забарвлюються у фіолетовий колір за Грамом?

1. AЇхня тонка стінка вкрита зовнішньою мембраною, багатою на ліпіди
2. BВони взагалі не мають клітинної стінки
3. CВони містять хлорофіл
4. DЇхня товста пептидоглікова стінка утримує фіолетовий барвник

In which part of the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions happen?

1. AIn the outer membrane
2. BIn the cell wall
3. CIn the thylakoid membranes
4. DIn the stroma

When caring for a patient with C. difficile infection, why is hand washing with soap and water preferred over alcohol hand rub?

1. AAlcohol makes the spores more infectious
2. BSoap kills the spores, but alcohol only kills viruses and not bacteria
3. CAlcohol does not kill its spores, but washing removes them
4. DSoap and water are faster than alcohol rub

A green plant is kept in a sealed jar in complete darkness for a day. What happens to the carbon dioxide level in the jar?

1. AIt falls, because the plant keeps photosynthesising
2. BIt falls, because plants take in more CO₂ when they respire in the dark
3. CIt stays the same, because plants do not respire
4. DIt rises, because the plant respires but cannot photosynthesise