Робочий аркуш «Біологія для вступних іспитів на медсестринство» з відповідями

What does xylem carry in a plant?

1. ASeeds from the flowers to the soil
2. BWater and minerals from the roots upward
3. CSugars from the leaves to the roots
4. DOxygen from the leaves to the roots

Who first used the word "cells" after looking at thin slices of cork under a microscope?

1. ALouis Pasteur
2. BGregor Mendel
3. CRobert Hooke
4. DCharles Darwin

What are stomata?

1. ASmall pores in leaves that allow gas exchange
2. BGreen structures in the leaf that store starch
3. CTubes that carry water up the stem
4. DHairs on roots that absorb minerals

What is the main role of inflammation after an injury?

1. ATo bring more blood and white blood cells to the area
2. BTo stop all blood flow to the area so that bleeding ends
3. CTo make antibodies inside the damaged cells
4. DTo destroy the healthy cells around the wound

In disease spread, what is a vector?

1. AA medicine that destroys a pathogen in the body
2. BA blood test used to detect antibodies
3. CAn organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
4. DThe first person to catch a disease

What is the difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant?

1. AAntiseptics are antibiotics; disinfectants are vaccines
2. BAntiseptics kill all spores; disinfectants kill none
3. CAntiseptics are used on objects and floors; disinfectants are used on skin
4. DAntiseptics are used on living tissue; disinfectants are used on objects

In uncontrolled diabetes, glucose appears in the urine and the person passes large volumes of urine. What is the best explanation?

1. AGlucose is broken down into water in the bladder
2. BInsulin makes the kidneys filter more blood
3. CGlucose makes the kidneys absorb more water
4. DGlucose in the kidney filtrate holds water by osmosis

In a trial, 20% of patients improve on a new drug and 18% improve on a placebo. What is the best conclusion?

1. AThe drug works well, because 20% of patients improved
2. BThe placebo was harmful to the patients
3. CThe drug adds little benefit beyond the placebo
4. DThe drug is ten times better than the placebo