Робочий аркуш «Клінічна сестринська справа» з відповідями

Long-term uncontrolled high blood pressure increases the risk of:

1. AStroke, heart attack and kidney disease
2. BAsthma, eczema and hay fever
3. CAnaemia and osteoporosis
4. DHypothyroidism, gout and hair loss

A patient's care plan says "nil by mouth". What does this mean?

1. AThe patient may eat if they feel hungry
2. BNo food or drink by mouth unless specific exceptions are prescribed
3. COnly clear fluids such as water and black tea are allowed
4. DFood is allowed, but drinks must be stopped until the next day

A "sublingual" medicine is given:

1. AInto the vein
2. BBetween the cheek and gum
3. CThrough the nose
4. DUnder the tongue

Modern wound care generally aims to keep a healing wound bed:

1. AMoist but not wet
2. BTightly packed with dry gauze
3. CSoaked in antiseptic solution every day
4. DCompletely dry and open to the air

Which technique is correct when suctioning through a tracheostomy?

1. ASuction every 15 minutes whether or not secretions are present
2. BApply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
3. CApply suction continuously while inserting the catheter as far as it will go
4. DKeep suctioning for at least a minute each time to clear all the secretions

A very anxious patient breathes rapidly for a long period. Which change is expected?

1. AMetabolic acidosis from a low bicarbonate
2. BRespiratory acidosis from a high PaCO₂
3. CMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
4. DRespiratory alkalosis from a low PaCO₂

A patient on metformin with reduced kidney function is due a CT scan with IV contrast. Why might metformin be withheld?

1. AThere is a risk of lactic acidosis if kidney function worsens
2. BMetformin makes the images blurry
3. CMetformin reacts with the contrast to cause severe hyperglycaemia
4. DMetformin causes severe bleeding during scans

Why is a large pleural effusion drained slowly rather than all at once?

1. ARapid drainage can cause re-expansion pulmonary oedema
2. BFluid drained quickly turns into blood
3. CQuick drainage causes the effusion to spread to the other lung
4. DSlow drainage stops the patient needing oxygen