Робочий аркуш «Клінічна сестринська справа» з відповідями

A pneumothorax is:

1. AAir in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse
2. BFluid in the alveoli, usually from heart failure
3. CAn infection of the lung tissue, usually caused by bacteria
4. DA blood clot in the lung arteries

What is a transient ischaemic attack (TIA)?

1. AA type of migraine with no risk of stroke
2. BA heart attack affecting the brain
3. CA permanent stroke caused by bleeding into the brain
4. DShort-lived stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe sinoatrial (SA) node
2. BThe mitral valve in the left side of the heart
3. CThe left ventricle
4. DThe aorta

A spontaneously breathing patient is critically ill and hypoxic. Which oxygen delivery gives the highest concentration?

1. ANasal cannula at 2 L/min
2. BVenturi mask set to 24%
3. CNon-rebreathe mask with reservoir bag at 15 L/min
4. DSimple face mask at 5 L/min with the patient sitting up

What should a patient be told before using sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, nitroglycerin) spray for angina?

1. ASit down before using it, as it can cause dizziness and low blood pressure
2. BSwallow the spray rather than leaving it under the tongue
3. CTake it with a large glass of milk to protect the stomach lining
4. DUse it only after the pain has lasted over an hour, with the patient lying flat

Which type of painkiller should a patient with liver cirrhosis usually avoid?

1. AHot packs applied to a painful joint
2. BLocal anaesthetic creams
3. CNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen
4. DParacetamol (acetaminophen), given in a carefully reduced and monitored dose

A hypotensive postoperative patient is given a fluid bolus. Which findings suggest a good response?

1. AThe capillary refill time becomes longer
2. BThe heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
3. CThe heart rate rises further and the patient becomes more confused
4. DThe respiratory rate rises and new lung crackles appear

A drowsy patient in recovery is making snoring sounds and the SpO₂ is falling. What is the first action?

1. AGive sips of oral fluid to clear the throat and wake them
2. BWait for the patient to wake up fully
3. COpen the airway with a head tilt–chin lift or jaw thrust
4. DLie the patient face down