Робочий аркуш «Клінічна сестринська справа» з відповідями

What is the usual normal range for serum sodium in adults (in mmol/L, numerically equal to mEq/L)?

1. A95–105 mmol/L
2. B135–145 mmol/L
3. C3,5–5,0 mmol/L
4. D2,2–2,6 mmol/L

The term "hypoxaemia" means:

1. AA low red blood cell count
2. BA high level of carbon dioxide in the blood
3. CA low level of glucose in the blood
4. DA low level of oxygen in the arterial blood

Gout is caused by:

1. AWear and tear of the joint cartilage
2. BA lack of calcium in the diet
3. CA bacterial infection of the bone
4. DUric acid crystals forming in a joint

A nurse finds a patient lying on the floor beside the bed. What should be done first?

1. ALift the patient straight back into bed so they are comfortable
2. BCheck the patient for injuries before moving them
3. CPhone the patient's family
4. DComplete the incident report form

A patient's low potassium does not improve despite potassium replacement. Which other electrolyte should be checked?

1. ASodium
2. BMagnesium
3. CPhosphate
4. DChloride

What is the best way to protect the heels of a bed-bound patient from pressure damage?

1. AApply a tight bandage to the heels
2. BMassage the heels firmly several times a day to help circulation
3. COffload the heels so they do not touch the mattress
4. DRest the heels on a rolled-up towel

A patient with several days of vomiting and diarrhoea has low blood pressure, low urine output and a rising creatinine. Which description fits best?

1. AChronic kidney disease, treated with long-term dialysis three times a week
2. BIntrinsic kidney injury from glomerulonephritis, treated with high-dose steroids
3. CPre-renal acute kidney injury from poor perfusion, treated by restoring fluid volume
4. DPost-renal acute kidney injury from obstruction, treated with a catheter

A hypotensive postoperative patient is given a fluid bolus. Which findings suggest a good response?

1. AThe heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
2. BThe respiratory rate rises and new lung crackles appear
3. CThe heart rate rises further and the patient becomes more confused
4. DThe capillary refill time becomes longer