Робочий аркуш «Клінічна сестринська справа» з відповідями

What is the normal pH range of arterial blood?

1. A7,55–7,65
2. B7,35–7,45
3. C6,85–6,95
4. D7,00–7,10

After a stroke, a patient has "aphasia". What does this mean?

1. ADifficulty swallowing food, drink and saliva
2. BLoss of vision in one eye
3. CWeakness of one side of the body
4. DDifficulty understanding or producing language

On a drug chart, "PRN" means a medicine is given:

1. AEvery morning
2. BAt night
3. CWhen required
4. DOnce only

Why should a urinary catheter drainage bag be kept below the level of the bladder?

1. ATo make the bag easier for the nurse to empty
2. BTo prevent urine flowing back into the bladder
3. CTo stop the catheter from falling out
4. DTo keep the urine warm

Why is oxygen often humidified for a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. ADry oxygen causes high blood glucose
2. BHumidification lowers the oxygen concentration to a safer level
3. CThe tube bypasses the nose, which normally warms and moistens air
4. DHumidity is needed for the oxygen to work as a drug

Which ECG change is typical of hypokalaemia?

1. AST elevation in leads II, III and aVF
2. BFlattened T waves and prominent U waves
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DA very short PR interval with a delta wave

A patient is recognised by the team as being in the last days of life. Which approach is correct?

1. AContinue all routine blood tests and observations four-hourly
2. BReview and stop treatments that no longer help, and focus on comfort
3. CAvoid talking with the family about what is happening
4. DStop all medicines, including pain relief and anti-sickness drugs

Why can pulse oximetry be misleading in carbon monoxide poisoning?

1. ACarbon monoxide only affects the heart rate reading
2. BStandard oximeters cannot tell carboxyhaemoglobin from oxyhaemoglobin
3. CThe oximeter overheats in smoke-exposed patients
4. DCarbon monoxide makes the oximeter read zero even in a well patient