Робочий аркуш «Лабораторні показники та електроліти» з відповідями

Why is prealbumin (transthyretin) sometimes used to follow a patient's nutritional status instead of albumin?

1. AIt has a short half-life, so it changes within days
2. BIt has a long half-life, so it changes over months
3. CIt is measured in urine, so no blood test is needed
4. DIt is not affected by inflammation or liver disease

What does a positive direct antiglobulin test (direct Coombs test) show?

1. AThe patient's platelets are clumping together in the blood sample
2. BThe patient's plasma is missing the clotting factor VIII
3. CThe patient's red cells are too small and contain little hemoglobin
4. DAntibodies or complement are attached to the patient's red cells

A serum sodium of 151 mEq/L is called:

1. AHyperkalemia
2. BHypercalcemia
3. CHyponatremia
4. DHypernatremia

A patient taking a statin reports new, unexplained muscle pain and weakness. Which laboratory test would the nurse expect to be ordered?

1. ASerum ammonia
2. BCreatine kinase (CK)
3. CSerum lipase
4. DCardiac troponin

An older adult with chronic kidney disease takes glyburide (glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea) and has repeated low glucose readings. Why is this a concern?

1. AThe drug makes the glucose meter read falsely low
2. BThe drug causes high potassium that lowers the glucose
3. CThe drug stops working entirely when the kidneys fail
4. DThe drug and its metabolites build up and cause long lows

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. ANo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
2. BSix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness
3. CA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor
4. DTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking

A patient who had pituitary surgery has fatigue and cold intolerance. The free T₄ is low and the TSH is low. What does this pattern suggest?

1. ANormal thyroid function with a laboratory error in T₄
2. BHyperthyroidism from overactivity of the thyroid gland
3. CPrimary hypothyroidism from failure of the thyroid gland
4. DSecondary (central) hypothyroidism from pituitary failure

У пацієнта без проблем з нирками та з нормальною ЕКГ калій 6,2 mEq/L. Лабораторія зазначає, що зразок був гемолізований. Яке тлумачення найкраще?

1. AКалій безумовно нормальний і не потребує подальшого спостереження
2. BРезультат може бути хибно високим; оцінити пацієнта й організувати повторний зразок
3. CНегайно лікувати інсуліном і глюкозою без додаткових перевірок
4. DУ пацієнта ниркова недостатність